Gastrointestinal Oncology

Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology is a subspecialty focused on the diagnosis and treatment of cancers affecting the digestive system. This includes cancers of the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus.

Common Causes:

Genetic predisposition or family history of cancer
Chronic inflammatory conditions (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease)
Lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, and poor diet
Infections such as H. pylori or Hepatitis B/C
Obesity and sedentary lifestyle

Symptoms

Unexplained weight loss
Difficulty swallowing or persistent indigestion
Blood in stool or black tarry stools
Persistent abdominal pain or bloating
Jaundice (yellowing of skin or eyes)
Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation)

Treatment Options:

Endoscopic procedures for early-stage tumors
Surgery to remove cancerous tissue
Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy to target cancer cells systemically
Radiation therapy for localized tumor control
Targeted therapy based on specific genetic markers
Multidisciplinary approach combining oncology, gastroenterology, surgery, and nutrition support

Prevention & Early Detection:

Regular screenings like colonoscopy after age 45 or earlier if at high risk
Healthy diet rich in fiber, fruits, and vegetables
Avoiding tobacco and limiting alcohol
Managing chronic GI conditions effectively
Maintaining a healthy weight and staying physically active

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